A TEORIA DOS REFÚGIOS: ORIGEM E SIGNIFICADO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24278/2178-5031.199241215Resumo
O mais importante corpo de idéias referentes aos mecanismos e padrões de distribuição de floras e faunas da América Tropical, foi - a nosso ver - a chamada "teoria dos refúgios". Tanto pelo que ela envolve de significância biogeográfica e ecológica, quanto pela sua própria expe riência de multidisciplinaridade plena, na interface das geociências e biociências. [...]
Downloads
Referências
AB'SÁBER, A. N. , 1968. Bases geomorfológicas para o estudo do Quaternário no Estado de São Paulo. Tese de concurso (Depto.de Geog. - F.F.C.L.- USP). São Paulo (Ed.mimeogr.).
AB'SABER, A. N., 1977. Espaços ocupados pela expan são dos climas secos na América do Sul, por ocasião dos períodos glaciais quaternários. Pa/eoc/imas nº 3, IGEOG - USP. S.Paulo.
AB'SÁBER, A. N.,1982. The paleoclimate and palecology of Brazilian Amazonia. ln:"Biologica/ diversification in the Tropics" (G.T.Prance,Ed.), p. 44-59. Columbia Univ.Press.Nova York.
ANDRADE LIMA, D. de, 1982. Present-day forest refuges in Northeasterm Brazil. ln:"Biologica/ diversification in the Tropics"(G.T.Prance, Ed.), p. 245-251. Columbia Univ.Press.New York.
BIGARELLA, J.J. & AB'SÁBER, A. N., 1961. Quadro provisório dos fatos sedimentológicos, morfoclimáticos e paleoclimáticos na Serra do Mar paranaense e catarinense. 1961. Bol.Paranaense de Geografia, nº . 2/5, p. 91. Curitiba,
BIGARELLA, J.J. & AB'SÁBER, A. N., 1964. Paleo geographische und palaeoklimatische Aspekte des Kaenozoikum in Sud-brasilien. - Zeitsch für Geomorph. ,v.8, nº 3, p. 286-312.
BIGARELLA, J.J. & ANDRADE-LI MA, D.de, 1982. Paleoenviromental Changes in Brazil. ln:"Biologica/diversification in the Tropics" G.T.Prance-Ed.), p. 27-40. Columbia Univ.Press.New York.
BIGARELLA, J. J., 1964. Variações climáticas no Quaternário e· suas implicações no revestimento florístico do Paraná. Bol.Paranaense de Geografia, nº 10 a 15, maio de 1964, p. 211-231. Curitiba.
BIGARELLA,J.J., ANDRADE-LIMA, D.de&RICHS,P.J., 1981. Considerações a respeito das mudanças paleo ambientais na distribuição de algumas espécies vegetais e animais do Brasil. Anais da Acad.Bras.de Ciênc.(Suplemento), p. 411-464.
BIROT, P., 1957 . Esquisse morphologique de la région litoralede l'Etat de Rio de Janeiro. Ann.de Geógr.,LXV/,nº 353, jan.- fev. 1957, p. 80-91. Paris.
CAILLEUX, A. & TRICART, J., 1957. Zones Phyto-geographiques et morclimatiques du Quaternaire, au Brési/. C.R.Soc.de Biogeogr.(Paris), nº 88-93, p. 7-13. Paris.
BROWN JR., K. S., 1977. Centros de evolução, refúgios quaternários, e conservação de patrimônios genéti cos, na região neotropical. Padrões de diferenciação em lthomiinae (Lepitoptera; Nymphalidae). ActaAmazônica, v.7, nº 1, p. 75-137.
BROWN JR., K. S.,1982. Paleoecology and regional patterns of evolution in Neotropical forest butterflies. ln:"Biologica/ diferenciation in the tropics"(G.T.Prence, Ed.), p. 255-308. Columbia Univ.Press.New York.
BROWN, K.S.& AB'SABER, A.N., 1979. Ice-age forest refuges and evolution in the Neotropics: Correlation of paleoclimatological, geomorphological and pedalogical data with modem biological endemism. Pa/eoclimas, nº 5. IGEOG-USP. São Paulo.
BROWN, K.S. & BENSON, W.W., 1977. Evolution in modem non-forest islands:Heliconius hermathena. Biotropica, v.9, p. 95-117.
BROWN, K.S., SHEPARD, P.M. & TURNER, J.R.G.,1974. Quaternária refugia in tropical America evidence from race formation in He/iconius buterf/ies. Proceeds. of Royal Soc.of London, v.187, p. 369-378.
DESCIMON, H.(Ed.), 1977. Biogéographie et Evolution en Amerique Tropicale. Pub/.Labor.Zoo/. EcoleNormal Superieur. Supl.9. Paris.
DAMUTH, J.E. & FAIRBRIDGE, R.W., 1970. Equatorial Atlantic deep-sea arkosic sand and ice-age aridity in tropical South Ame rica. Bu/. Geol. Soe. of Amer. , v.81, p.189-206.
EDEN, M.J., 1974. Paleoclimatic influences and the development of savana in southern Venezuela. Journ. Biogegr. , nº 1., p. 95-109.
ENDLER, J.H., 1977. Geographic Variation, Speciation and C/ines. R.M.May, Ed., Monogr. Pop. Biol. 10.Princeton Univers. Press. Princenton, N.J.
ERHART, H., 1956. La theorie bio-rhexistasique et /esprob/emes biogéographiques et paleobiologiques.C.R.Soc. de Biogéogr. (Paris), nº 288, p. 43-53. Paris.
GRAHAM, A., 1977. The tropical rain forest near its northern limits in Veracruz, Mexico: Recent and Ephemeral? Bol.Soc.Botan. Mex. , v.36, p. 13-20.GRAHAM, A., 1982. Diversification beyond Amazon Basin. ln:"Biological diversification in the Tropics"(G.T.Prance. Ed.), p. 78-90. Columbia Univers. Press. NewYork.
GRANVILLE, J. J., 1982. Rain Forest and Xerio Flora Refuges in French Guiana. 1 n:"biological diversification in the Tropics" (G.T.Prance, Ed.), p. 159-181. Columbia Univ.Press. New York.
HAFFER, J., 1969. Speciation in Amazonian forest birds. • Science, nº 165, p. 131-137.
HAFFER, J., 1970. Entshung und Ausbreitung nord Andiner Bergvõgel. Zoo/. Jahrb.Syst. v.97, p. 301-337.
HAFFER, J., 1974. Avian Speciation in tropical South America. Pub/.Nutta/1 Ornith. C/ub., nº 14. Cambridge, Mass.
HAFFER, J.,1978. Distributionn of Amazon forest birds. Born.Poo/. Beitr. ,v.29, p. 38-78.
HAFFER, J.,1979. Quaternary biogeography of tropical lowland South America. ln:"The South America herpetofauna: lts Origin, Evolution, and Dispersai"(W.E. Duellman.,Ed.), p. 107-140. Mus. Natur. Hist.Kans,as, Monógr.7.
HAFFER, J.,1982. Genera/Aspectsofthe Refigia Theory. ln:"Biological diversification in the Tropics", p. 6-24. Columbia Univ. Press. New York.
HAMILTON A., 1976. The significance of patterns of distribution shown by forest plants and animais in tropicalAfrica forreconstruction ofupper Pleistocene palaoenvironment: A review. ln:"Palaoecology of Africa, the Surrounding, and Antactica", nº 9., p.63-97.
JORNAUX,A., 1975. Recherches géomorphologiques enAmazonie brésilienne, Bull. Centre de Géomorph. de Caen (CNRS), nº 20.
LIVINGSTONE, D., 1975, Late Quaternary climatic change in Africa. Ann. Rev. Eco/. Syst, v.6, p. 249-280.
LIVINGSTONE,D.,1971. A 22.000-year pollen record from the plateau of Zambia. Limnol. Ocean. v.16, p. 349-56.
LIVINGSTONE,D.,1980. Environmental changes in the Nile headwaters. ln:"The Sahara and the Nile"(M.A.J. Williams e Hugues Faure, Eds.), p. 339-359.
LIVINGSTONE,D. & KENDALL, R. L.-1969. Stratigraphic studies of East African /akes. Mitt. lnt. Verein.Limn.,v.17, p. 147-153.
MOREAU, A.E., 1966. The Bird Faunas ofAfrica and lts /stands. Academic Press. New York.
MOREAU, A . E . ,1969. Climatic changes and the distribuition on the forest vertebrates in West Africa. Journ. of Zoo/. , nº 158, p. 39-61. London.
NELSON,G. & ROSEN, D.E.(Eds), 1981. Vicariante Biogeography: A Critique. Columbia Univ. Press. New York.
MEGGERS, B.J., AYENSU, E. & DUCKWORTH,R. (Eds.), 1973. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America. Smithsonian lnst. Press. Washington, D.C.
MULLER, P., 1970. Vertebraenfaunen Brasilianischerlnsel ais lndikator für glaziale und post-glaziale Vegetationsfluktuationen. Abhandl. Deutsche Zoo/. Ges. Würzburg(1969), p. 97-107.
MULLER, P., 1970.The dispersai centres of terrestrial vertebrates in the Neotropical realm. Biogeographica,v.2,Ed. Junk BV, Publs. The Hague.
MULLER,P.& SCH MITH ÜSEN,J, 1970. Probleme der Genese Sü damerikanischer Biota. ln: Festch. E. Gentz, p. 109-1 22. Deutsche Geogr. Forsch. in der Weilt von Heute. Kiel.
PETERSON, G.M. (e outros), 1979. The continental record of environmental conditions at 18.000 year BP: an initial evaluation.Quarter. Res., v.12, nº 1, p.47-82.
PRANCE, G. T., 1973. Phytogeographic support for the theory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon basin( ... ) . Acta Amazonica, v.3, nº 3, p. 5-28.
PRANCE, G. T.,1982. Bio/ogical diversification in the Tropics.-C/lntroduction, por G.T. Prance. Columbia Univ. Press. New York. (Proceeds. of the Fifth lntern. Symp. of the Assoe. for Trop. Biol. (Macuto, La Guaíra, Venezuela), fev. 8-13,1979).
SARMIENTO, G.1975. The dry plant formationsof South America and their floristic connections, Journ. of Biogeogr., v.2, p. 233-251.
SARMIENTO, G. & MONASTERIO, M, 1975, A criticai consideration of the environmental conditions associated with the occurrence of savanna ecosystems in Tropical America. In:"Tropical Ecological Systems" (F.B.Golley e Medina,E. - Eds. ), p. 223-250. Ecol. Studies, 1 1 . Springer.Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
SARNTHEIN, M., 1978. Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum. Nature, nº 272, p. 43-46.
SARUKHAN, J., 1977. Algunas consideraciones sobre lospaeloclimas que afectaron los ecossistemas de la planície costera dei Golfo. In : Reunión sobre fluctuaciones climaticas, p. 197-209. CONACYT.
SCHALKE, H.J.W.G., 1973. The Upper Quaternary of the Cape Flats Areas (Cape Province, South Africa). Scrpta Geol.,v.15, p. 1-57.
SIMBERLOFF, D.S., 1978. Using island biogeographic distributions to determine if colonization is stchastics. Amer. Natur., nº 112, p. 713-726.
SIMPSON-VUILLEUMIER, B., 1971. Pleistocene change in the fauna and flora of South Amarica. Science, nº 173, p. 771-780.
SIMPSON, B. B.&HAFFER,J., 1978. Spaciation patterns in the Amazonian forest biota. Ann. Rev. Ecolog.Syst., v.9, p. 497-518.
SIMPSON,D. R., 1972. Especiación de las plantas lenosas de la Amazonia peruana relacionada a las fluctuaciones climaticas durante el Pleistoceno. Resumen - Congresso Latinoamericano de Botanica. Mexico (1972)
SINNOT, E.W., 1924. Age and area and the history of species. Amer. Journ. of Botany, v.11, p. 573-578.SM 1TH, L. B., 1962. Origins of the flora of southern Brazil.Contr. US Nat. Herb., nº 35. p.215-249.
STEYERMARK, J.A., 1947. Speciation in the Venezuelan Guayana. Abstract. Amer. Journ.of Bot. v.34 (Suppl. 29a),
STEYERMARK, J.A., 1974. Relacion floristica entre la cordillera dé la costa y la zona de Guayana y Amazo nas. Acta Botan. Venez.,v.9, p. 248-249.
STEYER MARK, J.A., 1979. Flora of the Guayana Highland:endemicity of the generic flora of the summits of the Venezuela tepuis. Taxon, v.28, p.45-54.
STEYER MARK, J.A., 1982. Relationsh ips of some venezuelan forestrefuges with lowland tropical floras.ln:" Biological diversifications in the Tropics" (G.T. Prance- Ed.), p. 182-220. Columbia Univ. Press. New York.
STREET,F.A.& GROVE,A.T., 1976 Environmental and climatic implications of late Quaternaly lake-level flutuations in Africa. Nature, v.261, p. 385-390.
TOLEDO, V. M ., 1982. Pleistocene changes ofvegetation in tropical Mexico. /n:"Biological Diversifications in the Tropics" (G.T. Prance, Ed.), p. 93-111. Columbia Univ. Press. New York.
TRICART, J., 1958. Division morphoclimatique du Brésil atlantique central.Rev. de Geomorph. Dynam. , an. IX, nº. 1-20an.,fev.1958).
TRICART, J., 1974. Existence au Quaternaire de periodes sàchos en Amazonie et dans les régions voisines. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique, XXI 1 1 , p. 145- 158.
TURNER,J.R.G., 1977. Forest refuges as ecological is lands: disordely extinction and the adaptative radiation of muellerian mimics. In:"Biogeographie et evolution en Amarique Tropicale. Publ. Labor. Zool. Ec. Norm. Super., v.9, p. 98.
TURNER,J.R.G., 1982. HowRefuges Produce Biological Diversity? Allopatry and Parapatry, Extinction and Gene Flow in Mimetic Butterflies. (Coment. por John A. Endler. Replica de J.R.G .Turner). ln:"Biological diversity in the Tropics" (G .T. Prance, Ed.), 309-335.
Columbia U niv. Press. NewYork.
VAN DER HAMMEN, T., 1972. Changes in vegetations and climate in the Amazon basin and surrounding areas during the Pleistocene. Geol. Mijnb., v.51, nº 6, p. 641-643.
VAN DER HAMMEN, T., 1974. The Pleistocenechanges of vegetation and climate in tropical South Amarica. -Journ. of Biogeogr. , nº 1, p. 3-26.
VAN DER HAMMEN, T., 1982 . Paleoecologyof Tropical South America. ln:"Biological diversification in the Tropics"(G.T.Prance), p. 60-66. ColumbiaUniv. Press.NewYork.
VAN G EEL, B.& VAN DER HAMMEN,T.,1973. U pper Quaternary vegetational and climatic sequences of the Fuquene area - Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaoecology, nº 14, p. 9-92.
VAN ANDEL,T.H. & HEATCH,G . R.& MOORE,T.C.& McGEARY, D.F. R., 1967. Late Quaternary history,climate, and oceanography of the Timor Sea, North western Australia. Amer. Journ. of Sei., nº 265, p.737-758.
VANZOLI N1 , P. E. , 1970. Zoologia sistemática, geografia e a origem das espécies. lnst. de G eogr.(Ser. Teses e Monogrs. , nº 3) U SP. São Paulo.
VANZOLINI, P. E., 1972. Distribuition and differentiationof animal along the coast and in continental islands of the state of São Paulo. Pap.Av.Zool.,ano 6, nº 24. São Paulo.
VANZOLI NI , P. E., 1973. Paleoclimates, Relief and Species multiplication in Equatorial forest. 1 n:" Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South Amarica". A Comparati va Revi ew (Meggers, Ayensu e Duckworth, Eds.) Smithsonian Press.
VANZOLINI, P. E., 1986. Paleoclimas e especiação em animais da América do Sul Tropical. ABEQUA (Assoe.Sras.de Ests.do Quatern.), publ.Av., nº 1. São Paulo
VANZOLINI, P.E. & WILLIAMS, E.E., 1981. The vanishing refuge: a mechanism forecogeographical speciation.Papéis avulsos de Zoai., vol. 34, nº 23, p. 251-255 Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo.
VANZOLINI, P.E. & WILLIAMS, E.E., 1970. South Ame rican anoles of the Anolis chrysoleps species group (Sauria, lguanidae). Arq.Zool.(Museu de Zool - USP), vol.1 9, p. 1-298. São Paulo.
VOGT, J. & VI NCENT, P.L. , 1966. Terrains d'alteration et de recouvrement en zone intertropicale. Buli. du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Miniàres, nº 4, p. 2-111.
WHITMORE, T.C. & PRANCE G .T. (Eds . ), 1987. Biogeography and Quaternary History in Tropical America. Claredon Press. Oxford.
WIJMSTRA, T.A. & VAN DER HAMMEN, T. , 1966. Palinological data on the history of tropical savannas in northern SouthAmerica. Leidese. Geolog. Meded, V. 38, p. 71-90
WILLIS, E.O., 1976 Effects of a cold wave on an Amazonian avifauna in the upper Paraguay drainage, Western Mato Grosso, and suggestions on Oscine Suboscine relationships. Acta Amazônica. vol. 6, p.379-394.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
