COMPARATIVE FRUIT PHENOLOGY AND FRUGIVORY BETWEEN THE NATIVE PALM Euterpe edulis Mart. AND THE EXOTIC PALM Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien (ARECACEAE) IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4322/rif.2014.013Keywords:
birds, biological invasion, Atlantic ForestAbstract
Seed dispersal of exotic plants by native animals is one factor associated with biological invasions. Aiming to contribute to the understanding of establishment of this relationship, the objectives of this study were to compare fruit phenology and to characterize the bird visitors of two palm trees, the native Euterpe edulis and the exotic Phoenix roebelenii in Alberto Löfgren State Park, southeastern Brazil. Phoenix roebelenii came from Southeast Asia and are often used in urban gardens. This palm is naturally disseminated in the forest understory of Alberto Löfgren State Park. However, currently, it is not considered an invasive species in Brazil. The phenological patterns of 30 adult individuals of each palm species were monitored monthly, between April 2012 and March 2014. Characterization of bird assemblages was obtained by focal observation, resulting in 10 samples of two hours per palm species. Palm trees differed in their phenological patterns showing partial overlap in phenology of ripe fruits, but not in their fruiting peak. The data obtained in this study suggest that the exotic palm tree has become an important food source for native birds of the Alberto Löfgren State Park and that due to this interaction seed dispersal occurs and probably contributes to the successful recruitment of this plant locally, which would justify the development of researches on the impact of its establishment on native plant species.
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