VARIAÇÃO ANATÔMICA RADIAL DO LENHO DE AÇOITA-CAVALO (Luehea divaricata) E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA DENSIDADE APARENTE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24278/2178-5031.2009212223Keywords:
Luehea divaricata, radial variation, specific gravity, woodAbstract
Variations between the size and frequency of the wood cells occur among different species, trees of the same species or even within the same tree in the radial and axial directions. These variations affect directly the specific gravity and consequently the use of different woods. This study determined the radial anatomical variation and its influence on specific gravity of the wood of luehea divaricata trees, from samples collected on DBH by using destructive method. For the evaluation of anatomical characteristics and specific gravity were employed standard techniques in anatomy and physical properties of wood and the data analyzed statistically. The results revealed significantly lower vessel diameter, fiber wall thickness and specific gravity in pith, fiber lumen was significantly higher in this region, which also showed very large rays. It is suggested that fibers with thinner walls and rays with greater volume in the pith contributed to the lowest values of specific gravity.
Downloads
References
ADAMOPOULOS, S.; VOULGARIDIS, E. Within-tree variation in growth rate and cell dimensions in the wood of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). IAWA Journal, Leiden, v. 23, n. 2, p. 191-199, 2002.
BERLYN, G. P.; MIKSCHE, J. P. Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry. Ames: Iowa University Press, 1976. 1326p.
BIGHETTI, A.E. etal. Efeitos da a dministração aguda esubcrônica da Lueheadivaricata Martiuset Zuccarini. Lecta, São Paulo, v. 22, n. 1/2, p. 53-58, 2004.
BRUNELLI, A. A.; LEAL, J. J.; LONGO, F. G. (Coord.). Madeiras: material para o design. São Paulo: SCTDE, 1997. 73p.
BUTTERFIELD, R. P. et al. Radial variation in wood specific gravity, fibre length and vessel area for two central American hardwoods: Hyeronima alchorneoides and Vochysia guatemalensis: natural and plantation grown trees. IAWA Journal, Leiden, v. 14, n. 2, p. 153-161, 1993.
CARVALHO, P. E. R. Espécies arbóreas brasileiras. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica; Colombo: Embrapa Florestas, 2003. 1039p.
CASTRO, F.; WILLIAMSON, G. B.; JESUS, R. M. Radial variation in the wood specific gravity of Joannesia princeps: the roles of age and diameter. Biotropica, Zurique, v. 25, n. 2, p. 176-182, 1993.
CHAGAS, M. P.; TOMAZELLO FILHO, M.; LISI, C. S. Caracterização macro e microscópica da madeira de candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus, Asteraceae). Revista Brasileira de Biociências, PortoAlegre, v.5, p. 156-158, Supl. 1, 2007.
DENNE, M. P.; HALE, M. D. Cell wall and lumen percentages in relation to wood density of Nothofagus nervosa. IAWA Journal, Leiden, v.20, n.1, p. 23-26, 1999.
DODD, R. S. Radial and tangential diameter variation of wood cells within trees of Acer pseudoplatanus. IAWA Bulletin, Leiden, v. 5, p.253-257, 1984.
DÜNISCH, O.; REISSMANN, C. B.; OLISZESKI, A. V. Variability of vessel characteristics in xylem of Ilex paraguariensis (mate-tree) from south Brazil. IAWA Journal, Leiden, v. 25, n. 4, p. 449-458, 2004.
DURIGAN, G. et al. Sementes e mudas de árvores tropicais. 2. ed. São Paulo: Páginas & Letras, 2002. 65p.
ESAU, K. Anatomia das plantas com sementes. SãoPaulo: Edgard Blücher, 1974. 284p.
FLORSHEIM, S. M. B. et al. Variação da estrutura anatômica da madeira de Eucalyptus saligna aos 7 anos. Rev. Inst. Flor., São Paulo, v. 12, n. 2, p. 179-191, 2000.
FUJIWARA, S. Anatomy and properties of Japanese hardwoods. II: variation of imensions of ray cells and their relation to basic density. IAWA Bulletin, Leiden, v. 13, n. 4, p. 397-402, 1992.
______. et al. Anatomy and properties of Japanese hardwoods. I: Variation of fibre dimensions and tissue proportions and their relation to basic density. IAWA Bulletin, Leiden, v. 12, n. 4, p. 419-424, 1991.
GATTO, D. A. et al. Características tecnológicas das madeiras de Luehea divaricata Carya illinoinensis, e Platanus x acerifolia quando submetidas ao vergamento. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 18, n. 1, p. 121-131, 2008.
HOADLEY, B. Understanding wood: a craftsman’s guide to wood technology. 2nd ed. Newtown: Taunton, 2000. 280p.
HONJO, K.; FURUKAWA, I.; SAHRI, M. H. Radial variation of fiber length increment in Acacia mangium. IAWA Journal, Leiden, v. 26, n.3, p. 339-352, 2005.
IAWA COMMITTEE. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWABulletin, Leiden, v. 10, p. 219-332, 1989.
JOHANSEN, D. A. Plant microtechnique. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 1940. 523 p.
KOLLMAN, F. F. P.; CÔTÉ Jr., W. A. Principles of wood sciences and technology. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1968. v. 1.
KOPAČ, J.; ŠALI, S. Wood: an important material in manufacturing technology. J. mater. process. technol., Dortmund, v. 133, n. 1/2, p. 134-142, 2003.
MAINIERI, C.; CHIMELO, J. P.; ANGYALOSSYALFONSO, V. Manual de identificação das principais madeiras comerciais brasileiras. São Paulo: Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo S/A-IPT: PROMOCET, 1983. 241p.
NEGREIROS, O. C. et al. Plano de Manejo para o Parque Estadual da Cantareira. São Paulo: Instituto Florestal, 1974. 58p. (Bol. Técn. IF, 10).
PANSHIN,A.J.;DEZEEUW,C.Textbookofwood technology: structure, identification, properties and uses of the commercial woods of the United States and Canada. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. 772p.
PAROLIN, P. Radial gradients in wood specific gravity in trees of central Amazonian floodplains. IAWA Journal, Leiden, v. 23, n. 4, p. 449-457, 2002.
PINHEIRO,A.L.;CARMO,A.P.T.Contributionto technological research of “canela-azeitona”, Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz e Pav.) Mez, a pioneer specie. I. Wood anathomathical characteristics. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 3, n. 1, p. 121-145, 1993.
RAO, R. V.; AEBISCHER, D. P.; DENNE, M. P. Latewood density in relation to wood fibre diameter, wall thickness, and fibre and vessel percentages in Quercus robur. IAWA Journal, Leiden, v. 18, n.2, p. 127-138, 1997.
ROCHA, F. T.; FLORSHEIM, S. M. B.; COUTO, H. T. Z. do. Variação das dimensões dos elementos anatômicos da madeira de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden aos sete anos. Rev. Inst. Flor., São Paulo, v. 16, n. 1, p. 43-55, 2004.
REITZ, R.; KLEIN, R. M.; REIS, A. Projeto madeira do Rio Grande do Sul. [S.l.]: Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues: Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento - DRNR, 1988. 525p.
RIZZINI, C. T. Árvores e madeira súteis do Brasil: manual de dendrologia brasileira. 2. ed. São Paulo: Edgard Blücher, 1986. 296p.
SANTOS, E. Nossas madeiras. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1987. 313p.
SASS, J. E. Botanical micro techniche. Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1951. 326p.
SHIMOYAMA, V. R. S. Variações da densidade básica e características anatômicas e químicas da madeira em Eucalyptus spp. 1990. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia de Madeira) - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba.
SILVEIRA, V. et al. Variação dimensional da madeira de clones de Eucalyptus cultivados em diferentes espaçamentos. Cerne, Lavras, v. 5, n. 2, p. 105-124, 1999.
SOUZA, M. R. Classificação de madeiras para instrumentos musicais. Brasília, DF: IBDF: DE: LPF, 1983. 21p. (Série Técnica, 6).
URBINATI, C. V. et al. Variação estrutural quantitativa no lenho de Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev., Combretaceae. Acta bot. bras., São Paulo, v. 17, n. 3, p. 421-437, 2003.
VITAL, B. R.; DELLALUCIA, R. M. Effect of tree spacing on wood production and wood quality of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla at 52 months. Revista Árvore, Viçosa–MG, v. 1, p. 132- 145, 1987.
WALKER, J. C. F. et al. Primary wood processing: principles and practice. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993. 595 p.
WOODCOCK, D. W.; SHIER, A. D. Wood specific gravity and its radial variations: the many ways to make a tree. Trees, Berlin, v. 16, p. 437-443, 2002.
WIEMANN, M. C.;WILLIAMSON, G. B. Extreme radial changes in wood specific gravity in some tropical pioneers. Woodand Fiber Science, Madison, v. 20, p. 344-349, 1988.
______. Radial gradients in the specific gravity of wood in some tropical and temperate trees. Forest Science, Bethesda, v.35, p. 197-210, 1989.
ZOBEL, B.J.; BUIJTENEN, J. van. Wood variation: its causes and control. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1989. 363p.
