LOCAL VARIATION IN BIRD COMMUNITIES COMPOSITION AT CARLOS BOTELHO STATE PARK, SÃO MIGUEL ARCANJO – SP, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL AND PROPOSALS FOR MONITORING THE IMPACT OF ECOTOURISM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24278/2178-5031.2010222263Keywords:
vegetation structure, Atlantic Forest, Public UseAbstract
Like all human activities, ecotourism has the potential to negatively impact the environment and need to be monitored and managed. Birds can be included in monitoring protocols but other factors that influence the composition of bird communities should be considered before proposing such protocols. Among these stands out the influence of structural heterogeneity of vegetation on bird distribution and abundance. The objectives of this paper were: to determine how this factor acts locally in an Atlantic forest area with public use and propose a protocol for monitoring the impact of this activity using birds as indicators. The avifauna was sampled along two trails, one in which tourism is monitored and another under the self-guided system. The structural heterogeneity along those trails was evaluated, and bird communities richness, species composition, relative abundance, diversity and trophic structure compared. We used point counts and quadrats. The trails differ significantly in most vegetation structure parameters examined and composition of bird species, but not in other parameters considered for the avifauna. Seventeen species showed relative abundance significantly different between areas and of these, six with vegetation structural parameters. We proposed evaluate the impact of public use on avifauna in each trail monitoring the relative abundance of species considering the possible structural changes in local vegetation and monitoring 15 species of easy detection that did not differ significantly in relative abundance between the trails.
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